This research project is aimed at producing a natural stain for plant tissues that is inexpensive and whose sources are indigenous and abundant.
Biological stains make possible the viewing of microscopic plant tissues under microscopes. When stained, the specimens are viewed clearer and they become more defined. Berries of Basella rubra (alugbati) were crushed using mortar and pestle. The crude extract obtained was filtered and used as a substitute for crystal violet as primary stain and the extract was used for staining onion and leaf stalk of pechay.
Chapter I: Introduction
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Natural stains are best known for its distinct property: permanence of coloration; but due to its arty; most of stains used nowadays are synthetic. Chemical compounds made from the substance found in coal tar. Yet, natural stains are more superior than them they keep with specimen for a long time while the synthetic ones easily fade away. Permanence of coloration is important especially for preparations that require considerable handling over a period of time. Only three natural dyes are still used by biotechnicians: brazilin from brazilwood, hematoxylin from logwood and hematein from caesal pinacae. (http://www.batobalani.com;vol.22.no.1/)
First, materials shoud be gathered by the researcher; 10g of alugbati fruits, mortar and pestle, beaker, sharp razor blade, glass slides, dropper, glycerin, microscope, 5mL of water, onion, leaf stalk of pechay.
A. Preparation of the Biological Stain
A ten grams of alugbati fruits will be gathered, then, they will be crushed using mortar and pestle in order to produce an average of 250mL extract. Then, the crude extract will be filtered using a strainer or a filter paper. After that, the researcher placed the filtrate in a clean container and half of the filtrate will be diluted with water.
B. Testing
Very thin slices of onion and leaf stalk of pechay will be prepared using a sharp razor blade. Sections will be made longitudinally for leaf stalk of pechay and onion. They will be placed on a glass slides and a drop of alugbati fruit extract with water and without water will be put on each of the specimens. There will be three replicates in every trial and there will be two trials. After five minutes, a drop of glycerin will be added. The slides will be examined under the microscope.
C. Observation
D. Analysis of Data
Each of the specimens received four treatments, the first treatment is staining the specimen with alugbati stain without water, second treatment is staining with alugbati stain with water, third treatment is staining with iodine stain without water and fourth treatment is staining with iodinestain with water. From the treatments done in two trials, results were obtained. Different treatments were also done to compare the produced stain with commercial stain to determine their effectiveness.
Chapter IV: Results and Discussion
Table 1.1 Results of the Experiment
SpecimensTreatment 1Treatment 2Treatment 3Treatment 4
Alugbati stain w/ waterAlugbati stain w/o waterIodine stain w/ waterIodine stain w/o water
Leaf Stalk of Pechay 1 3 2 4
Onion 1 3 2 4
The table shows the result of the expriment and compares alugbati stain to the commercial stain/iodine stain. In the set-up, the researcher had prepared two specimens. Each of the specimens received four treatments. After conducting the experiment, the results are compared to the control variable which is the commercial stain/iodine stain according to its clarity. The observation were noted and are listed in the table 1.1. After the observation, alugbati stain is feasible and it is comparable to commercial stain in terms of clarity.
Chapter V: Conclusion and Recommendation
Conclusion
In correspond to the collected data and based on the experiments, it was concluded that alugbati stain is feasible and it is comparable to the commercial stain in terms of clearness but its permanence did not last longer. And also adding water in the stains did not make any significant difference to its clearness.
Recommendation
The researcher recommends further research on the project especially on the permanence of the stain and its other composition to produce a better stain.
Acknowledgments
I would like to heartily thank our research teacher Ma'am Balve Granido for the support and supervision and everyone who helped me in this project.
Bibliography
http://www.evergreenseeds.com/malabarspinach.html
Plants and Health by A.C.Sas. 1990
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